How I Teach Math A Veteran Teachers Advice for Building Student Confidence

How I Teach Math A Veteran Teachers Advice for Building Student Confidence Veteran teacher Sara outlines strategies to help your students improve their confidence in math and offers tips she uses in her class to promote a positive learning environment where students are given the opportunity to demonstrate what they know. by Sara McCarthy Teaching math can be challenging, especially when students have low confidence in their mathematical abilities. Here are some strategies I have developed over the years to help build student confidence and make teaching math a more pleasant and productive experience. Try them in your classroom! Identify Strengths and Challenges Identifying student strengths and challenges helps set the stage for a positive environment in my math class. Once my class list is finalized, I review student records to gain insight into classroom composition, especially at the beginning of the year as I’m getting to know students. At my school I have access to district mathematics assessment data and I look for general trends from previous grades. This helps inform my instruction for the upcoming year. For example, if I see that a large portion of students previously had difficulty in geometry, I expect to encounter challenges when I teach this unit. I can then adapt my instruction and conduct a more in-depth review before starting the unit and be extra diligent checking for understanding as the unit progresses. Activate Prior Knowledge Most mathematics curriculum is a spiral where topics are revisited and built upon. I attempt to help students feel comfortable and boost their mathematical confidence by activating their prior knowledge, reminding them that they already know some key aspects of our topics. This can be accomplished formally using KWL charts, which you can find on TeacherVision. In addition to KWL charts, or if I am running short on time, I often do a class brainstorm session on the board when introducing a new topic. I find it useful to ask students what they know, remember, or think of when they hear a certain topic and encourage them to volunteer anything that comes to mind, whether it’s a word, phrase, or diagram. Some students will give detailed answers, such as “the equation of a line is y = mx + b.” Others may provide a short yet pertinent answer, such as “graphs” or “straight line,” which sparks a class discussion, validating that the student who answered knows something about the topic and reminding the class that they have seen this before. Informed Instruction Exit tickets are an important tool in math class as they have the potential to reveal concepts requiring additional practice before summative assessments occur. Exit tickets can be a quick way to check in with students and gauge their understanding. Simple rating-scale tickets are very effective: “On a scale of 1 (confused) to 4 (got it) rate your understanding of dividing fractions.” This type of exit ticket is quick and easy for a teacher to tally yet provides valuable information to inform further instruction. If the vast majority of the class replies that they have a good understanding of the topic, the teacher may move on. However, if the majority of the class responds that they are still having difficulties, the teacher can plan next steps to address this. Another type of exit ticket may ask students to identify what they found most confusing in today’s lesson. This is another useful type of question to guide instruction â€" if the majority of the class gives the same response, there is a need to revisit the topic. I also do quick informal surveys of my class during lessons. I ask everyone to put their heads down, and then ask students to raise their hands if they 1) feel they are understanding the topic, or 2) are still confused. Making this an anonymous survey, by putting their heads down, helps to remove anxiety and encourages students to answer truthfully. It also lets me know who may need a check-in before the lesson is over and lets me adapt my instruction on the spot, providing more explanation or moving on as required. Differentiated Instruction Differentiated instruction helps students to succeed in math class because it meets them at their mathematical level. To differentiate instruction, start the whole class with the same lesson. The differentiating comes in when it is time for students to apply and practice what they have learned. I provide questions to students based on their ability, grouping students who, through the use of exit tickets or surveys, have indicated similar understanding of the subject up to this point. For example, I may group students who have indicated on an exit ticket a strong understanding of the topic together with a set of more challenging questions. Another group, who has indicated they are developing an understanding of the topic, will be given a mix of simple and complex questions. And I will work directly with students who have indicated they find the topic challenging. This of course takes a bit of planning and organizing to implement. Another way to differentiate instruction in math class is to provide and encourage the use of open-ended questions. For example, rather than giving students a dividing fractions worksheet, you may ask students to create five of their own fraction division questions, with answers. Using this method, students can demonstrate what they know about dividing fractions. For example, some may use a combination of mixed numbers, improper fractions, different denominators etc. Others may use only fraction benchmarks ( ½, ¼, etc.). Regardless of the fractions they choose to include, each student is meeting the outcome of dividing fractions. Show What They Know Going along with the point above, I try to provide students with the opportunity to show me what they know about math. As mentioned, open-ended questions are one method of doing this. Using a variety of formative and summative assessments, such as observations, conversations and a range of products (concrete, pictorial, or symbolic) is another way to incorporate student choice and the opportunity to demonstrate what they know into your lessons. Some of the alternate formative assessments I use include Frayer models, questions without numbers, and “bad” examples. Giving “bad” examples especially seems to be a favorite of students. For example, I may ask them for a bad example of applying the order of operations to rational numbers, or finding the area of a circle. I ask them to list 3-5 points that explain why their example is “bad” and what would make their answer “good.” Asking for bad examples appears to remove the pressure of giving the perfect answer and encourages students, who may otherwise be reluctant, to attempt the problem. Providing students with these opportunities to demonstrate what they know helps them gain confidence in their mathematical ability. I feel one of our biggest challenges in math class are students who doubt their own mathematical skills. Focusing on what students know, checking for understanding and adapting instruction as necessary to meet my students where they are helps develop a positive learning environment in my classroom and helps students experience success. I hope you are able to use some of these strategies in your own class to get to know your students and boost their mathematical confidence. What are your strategies for teaching math effectively? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Veteran teacher Sara McCarthy has been teaching middle and high school math and science in Nova Scotia, Canada for the past ten years. She has recently started Escape Ed, which produces educational games for math and science classes. Before becoming a teacher, Sara worked in a molecular biology lab where she honed her mad scientist skills. She spends her winter breaks on ski slopes and her summers at the beach.

Difference Between Baking Powder and Baking Soda

Both baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to rise. Baking powder contains baking soda, but the two substances are used under different conditions. Did You Know? You can  substitute  baking powder in place of baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking Soda Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate. When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient—such as yogurt, chocolate, buttermilk, or honey—the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to expand or rise. The reaction begins immediately upon mixing the ingredients, so you need to bake recipes that call for baking soda immediately, or else they will fall flat. Baking Powder Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it already includes the acidifying agent (cream of tartar) as well as a drying agent, usually starch. Baking powder is available as a single- or double-acting powder. Single-acting powders are activated by moisture, so you must bake recipes that include this product immediately after mixing. Double-acting powders react in two phases and can stand for a while before baking. With double-acting powder, some gas is released at room temperature when the powder is added to the dough, but the majority of the gas is released after the temperature of the dough increases in the oven. How Are Recipes Determined? Some recipes call for baking soda, while others call for baking powder. Which ingredient is used depends on the other ingredients in the recipe. The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Youll find baking soda in cookie recipes. Baking powder contains both an acid and a base and has an overall neutral effect in terms of taste. Recipes that call for baking powder often call for other neutral-tasting ingredients, such as milk. Baking powder is a common ingredient in cakes and biscuits. Substituting in Recipes You can substitute baking powder for baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking soda by itself lacks the acidity to make a cake rise. However, you can make your own baking powder if you have baking soda and cream of tartar. Simply mix two parts cream of tartar with one part baking soda. Related Reading Six Simple Buttermilk Substitutes: Most buttermilk you buy is made using chemistry. You can make homemade buttermilk by adding an acidic kitchen ingredient to milk.Common Ingredient Substitutions: Baking powder and baking soda arent the only cooking ingredients people run out of.How Baking Powder Works: Learn how baking soda makes baked goods rise and why its used in some recipes but not others.How Baking Soda Works: Learn how baking soda works and how this affects how quickly you need to bake a recipe once you mix it.Baking Powder Shelf Life: Baking powder doesnt last forever. Learn about its shelf life and how to test it for freshness so your recipe doesnt fall flat.

Alcoholism An Exploration Of Alcoholism - 2043 Words

Rachel Hines Mr. Allen Period 6/7 3 June 2015 One Drink Too Many: An Exploration of Alcoholism Many adults can enjoy a drink or two from time to time without any issues, but just one drink can cause over seventeen million Americans’ lives to spiral out of control. Though most people do not have issues with drinking alcoholic beverages, many have a condition which causes their brain to function differently when they consume alcohol. This disease can be deadly for both the alcoholic and those around them. Alcoholism can control someone’s life, and even though it is a societal issue that is still being addressed, more people are seeking treatment to better themselves. Alcoholism, excessive consumption of alcohol that results in dependence, is caused by genetics and environmental factors that result in harmful effects on the body of the drinker and the safety of society; however, therapy and support groups are helping alcoholics recover today, and medications undergoing trial could allow them to live normal lives in th e future. Alcoholism is a major social issue around the world today. The ProQuest Staff of SIRS Researcher defines alcoholism as excessive use of alcohol that eventually results in dependence, or addiction where the body craves a drug. There are roughly 140 million alcoholics currently in the world, which results in higher rates of crime, abuse, illness, car crashes, and lower productivity in work (ProQuest Staff). According to Dr. Mark Willenbring, mostShow MoreRelatedThe Base Of Ethical Analysis Of Alcoholism1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdone this task on the base of ethical analysis of alcoholism. 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A long way Gone and Refugee Boy Free Essays

Ishmael Beah’s A Long Way Gone and Alem Kelo’s Refugee Boy are both exceptional books on the lives of two different people in two different countries undergoing almost similar events in life. Both of the stories portray life from the perspective of two vulnerable children caught up in circumstances that are not pleasant. However, the only difference between the two is that while Beah’s events are actual events, Alem Kelo’s are fictitious. We will write a custom essay sample on A long way Gone and Refugee Boy or any similar topic only for you Order Now However they both succeed in portraying the hard life of a child trying to fit in to a society that is alien to him. A Long Way Gone: memoirs of a boy soldier. Ishmael Beah, in his autobiography recounting the war years in his country, Sierra Leone, details how he became a child soldier. He says that when the war started, his mother and his father, who were from different tribe, which happened to be at war with each other, were separated. Though he does not give much detail as to how and why they separated, he records that they went separate ways. After the militia invaded their village, and he narrowly escaping being forcefully recruited into the militia, he realizes that there is no other way to escape the war and its only a matter of time before he either join the army or the rebel forces. So he opts to join the army citing the reason that in doing so he could atleast avenges his relatives who were killed by the rebel forces. In the army he also survived by taking ‘brown brown’, a mixture of gun powder and cocaine. This he says they were influenced to take due to the various brutal and sometimes vicious they had to do. The story is quite remarkable in that Ishmael Beah tends to remember almost all the little tiny details, which are remarkable, considered that most of the things he went through were quite early in life. For example he can vividly recount the events that marked the beginning of civil war in their village; he can remember the details like a woman carrying a bullet ridden child, a Volkswagen that brought the first people to be affected by the war and so on. Refugee Boy: Refugee boy is a fictional book by Benjamin Zephaniah. It tell the life of a young boy from a mixed family, the father being an Ethiopian while the mother is an Eritrean, it happens that these two countries are at war and Ethiopian army is demanding that foreigners, especially from Eritrea to leave the country. In the story, Kelo, being of mixed blood, cannot be accepted in either Ethiopia or Eritrea. The soldiers who come to compel them to leave call him â€Å"a mongrel†. So in search for safety for their son, Kelo’s father takes him to London in what to Kelo seemed like a holiday. Kilo is however rudely shocked when he realizes that the holiday was not really a holiday after he is abandon in a hotel room by his father. His predicaments are just beginning since he has to move to children’s home then to a foster home at the Fitzgeralds. In between he fights to get asylum in UK. He is tossed in the hands of social services and the Refugee Council of England. References Zephaniah, B. (2004). Refugee Boy. New York: Turtleback Books. Beah, I. (2007). A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Limited. How to cite A long way Gone and Refugee Boy, Papers

Innerwear Market free essay sample

INNERWEAR MARKET IN INDIA- MARKETERS’ AND CONSUMERS’ PERSPECTIVE Jyoti Aggarwa (lecturer)l and Dr. Charu Gupta(Reader) Department of Textiles and Clothing Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India E-mail- [emailprotected] com ABSTRACT The innerwear market in India is currently valued at Rs. 5160 crore in value terms and 80. 16 crore units in volume terms The Indian lingerie industry is poised for a great leap ahead due to the growing domestic demand coupled with huge export potential. There are more than 1000 Indian brands present, but only 200 are active nation wide. The remaining cater to markets in the vicinity of their manufacture. The Last decade has witnessed inflow of many multinational brands in the Indian innerwear market. Many foreign companies have already set up or are in the process of setting up their manufacturing units in India in collaboration with local players. India’s vast resources, skilled manpower and infrastructure attracts a lot of foreign investment in the field of innerwear. We will write a custom essay sample on Innerwear Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper brings to light the product offerings of Indian manufacturers and their comparison with multinational brands. Leading brands present in Indian lingerie market have been studied under the heads of year of establishment, retail presence, styles of products offered, price range and the best selling categories. The data has been gathered by personal interviews of twenty lingerie manufacturers. Two hundred Indian consumers have also been surveyed to collect information regarding popularity of brands and consumer preferences. Analysis of data brings out comparison of the product mix of Indian and multinational brands. It also highlights consumer preferences and gaps to be filled between demand and supply. The paper would benefit that segment of the industry that plan to set up their business in India, in terms of market segmentation and consumer preferences. INTRODUCTION Many multinational manufacturers offering multitude of products consider India as a destination market. Potential of this huge market is reflected through the demographic picture (as of July 2003 estimates): †¢1. 059 billion population †¢319 million females between 15-64 years †¢30 percent of 95 million of that are considered middle class with enough disposable income to be defined as â€Å"real consumers†. Figure: 1), Source: Images Business of Fashion, August 2005, Vol. VI No. VIII Analysing the growth of Indian apparel market, brings out the fact that innerwear segment is growing at a much faster rate than the other segments (Fig. 1). The innerwear market in the country for the year 2004 is valued at Rs. 5,160 crore in value terms, registering a growth rate of 13. 91% over 2003, when it stood at Rs. 4,530 crore. The volume appreciated about 5. 72% at 80. 16 crore units in 2004 as compared to about 75. 82 crore units sold in 2003. On the overall basis, volume as well as value growth in the innerwear market was marginally higher in 2004 as compared to 2003. However, the (Figure: 2), Source: Images Business of Fashion, August 2005, Vol. VI No. VIII value growth in both men’s undergarments and women’s lingerie segments was more than double the growth in volumes. The growth in volume was 7% while value went up by nearly 17% (Fig. : 2). Market Players The innerwear market is flooded with the best of Indian as well as international brands. The inside story got its first stylish boost when Associated Apparels Pvt. Ltd. akers of Liberty shirts, launched the world famous Maiden Form bras, Jockey men’s underwear and swimwear in 1962 in India. The brands were an instant success with their style and quality. Because of the change in government policies the company gave the overseas tie-up and changed the names to Libertina for lingerie and Liberty for men’s underwear in the late 70s. With the s uccess of Libertina and Liberty other Indian companies moved into lingerie bandwagon. Peter Pan from Dawn Mills in the 70s entered the market. The brand was one of the favorites with the Indian women, but two decades later it vanished from the market. VIP a major player in men’s segment launched Petals, a lycra moulded cup bra with motifs, which was considered ahead of its time and was discontinued. But its Lovable launch in 1996 proved a success when they brought in a foreign brand but made in India. Lovable was followed by Feelings, a domestic offering of VIP along with Daisy Dee. Vanity Fair was launched in 2004 and finally a Korean brand Try for men and women in 2004. Another big brand in the lingerie market is Rupa Co. started in 1985. Its range of men’s, women’s and children’s underwear makes it India’s largest manufacturer and seller of innerwear. Other brands that are making their presence felt in the Indian innerwear market are Amul, Lux Cozi and Dollar catering to a particular segment of men’s innerwear market while the lingerie segment has its own local brands like Neva, Bodycare, Softy, Lady Care, Little Lacy, Red Rose, Sonari and many more. Trickle of foreign brands started in 90s with the advent of Jockey re-entering the Indian market followed by Calida and liberty Blu. Then the very high fashion Gossard came for a limited period. The entry of the Marks and Spencer chain stores created a stir. Another big entry was Triumph. Enamor, another foreign brand entered through Gokaldas Exports and very chic French brand Aubade opened its only outlet in Mumbai. LaSenza and Hanes are other brand in the scene. Though innerwear includes garments for men, women and kids , it’s the women segment called lingerie, that draws the maximum attention. Lingerie is considered an important value added segment. The range of items available as innerwear is enormous. But for an average Indian woman innerwear is limited to just a couple of items, mainly bras and panties. Out of these two, also brassiere is more complex an item to ensure the comfort and fit. A number of styles are available in this basic garment like full cup, push up, sports, strapless and under wired bras. In India, brassieres are constructed using 100 percent cotton fabrics, either knitted or woven. Sometimes, 3-10 percent Lycra is also added to get stretch effect and to provide a better fit. Panties are generally made of 100% cotton sinkers, ribs and interlock fabrics. Polyester cotton jacquard knits are mainly used for achieving comfort and aesthetics. Other components include range of elastics for different areas of the garment, underwires for support, eye hooks and ring fastners. Laces are also used extensively, with both knit and woven fabrics. Linings are used in the cup area for support and strength, while pipings are used at the cup and side seems to give fullness and strength. As inner wear comes in direct contact with the skin, primary requirement for users is comfort, followed by elegance. There is a need for a good combination of technology and quality components as raw materials, to succeed in producing a standard product. Export Scenario Despite the domestic growth, the roughly $ 400-million Indian industry contributes a small percentage to the global lingerie, hosiery and innerwear market. India gets only a small share of the export manufacturing pie. However the situation has improved in the last decade. Leading buyers are planning to start sourcing from India in the near future. The Bagalore based Gokaldas Images is one of the oldest manufacturer that has tied up with Sara Lee Courtaulds for manufacturing foundation garments. MAS Holdings Sri Lanka has set up a 50:50 joint venture arrangement called Intimate Clothing Private Ltd. n Bagalore to produce Lingerie. The unit is a 100% export oriented unit. Leading international buyers like V F Corporation, selling under the brand name Vanity Fair also plans to start sourcing from India in coming times. Triumph International, the German company selling foundation wear in India plans to set up its own manufacturing unit in Chennai within a year for both export to Europe and selling in the Indian market. At present Triumph is a one third partner in Intimate Fashion India Private Ltd. , Chennai, a manufacturing unit also supplying to Victoria’s Secret, U. S. Primero Intimates, a newly launched venture of premier Group in Coimbatore is supplying fashion lingerie to high-end brands in Europe. Other leading buyers are Jockey International, Warnaco, Eveden, Shirley of Hollywood, Victoria’s Secret, Etam Way, La Serza, Harrogate Lingerie and swimwear, La Perla with ‘Black Label’ brand, Wacoal, Palmers and Panache lingerie to name a few. Celebrity brands like Jennifer Lopez and Pamela Anderson are also sourcing from India. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY This work has been undertaken to study the innerwear market in India. An in-depth information has been gathered regarding its size, current scenario, prevalent practices and potential with special reference to lingerie segment. Efforts have also been made to collect first hand data from the leading innerwear manufacturers to study their product offerings. Indian consumers have also been studied to gather information about their preferences. METHODOLOGY Secondary data regarding the structure of Indian lingerie industry has been collected from various magazines, journals, Newspaper articles, Internet sites etc. Primary data has been obtained from manufacturers and consumers of lingerie in India. Sample Selection: leading manufacturers of innerwear had been contacted to gather information about the product line offered by them in terms of style, designs, fit, colours, etc. Out of the total of twenty manufacturers surveyed, six manufacturers based at Delhi were contacted at their offices. Manufacturers having their units outside Delhi, mainly in Mumbai, Tirupur and Bangalore were contacted at annual lingerie fair, â€Å"Bodywear†. The sample of consumers comprises women from high or upper middle class socio-economic strata, as the group is better informed. 200 consumers were surveyed to gather information regarding their preferences for lingerie. Consumers were contacted mainly at lingerie outlets to study their complete buying process. Leading lingerie stores of Delhi were selected for this purpose. Composite manufacturing units situated in and around Delhi have also been surveyed to study the raw materials used, manufacturing procedures, assembly line operations and the quality control systems followed. Tools for Data Collection: Data has been collected through questionnaire and observation techniques. Separate questionnaires have been formulated for manufacturers and consumers. The questionnaires have been personally administered to the respondents in order to clarify doubts if any. Observations have been made simultaneously to collect intricate details. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Innerwear today has achieved new dimensions. An unending list of brands present in the Indian lingerie market is the proof of the great potential of the market in India. The strong Indian middle class is still growing and attracts even the foreign lingerie manufacturers to latch on the Indian bandwagon. Women in developed nations have less and less time to shop, so the industry is spending more time looking for new markets such as China and India. Where women have more time on their hands as well as growing disposable income. In the present scenario it is important to analyse the innerwear market in India. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths †¢A market with large hidden strength. †¢Current growth rate of 14%. †¢Industry with never declining demand. Also the class of its consumers will always grow with the growing population and specific consumer preferences and awareness. †¢Product has unsubstitutable demand. Weaknesses †¢A large segment of the market is in the unorganized sector. †¢Lack of awareness in society. †¢Low degree of brand loyalty. †¢High degree of price-sensitiveness. †¢Poor perception of quality of Indian lingerie. Opportunities †¢Changing perceptions about the product from a marginal item of clothing it is now slowly being perceived as a part of one’s wardrobe. †¢Projected future growth rate of about 15% for the Rs. ,500 crore industry. †¢Explosion potential for the unorganiz sector to grow by making inroads into the share of the unorganized sector. †¢The impact of better educating advertisements are making the consumers, look at factors like comfort, quality and brand name and not only price. Threats More and more players entering the market competing sever ely with each other but sharing the same small pie instead of battling against the unorgainsed sector. The future of the Indian lingerie industry is not very grim. The Indian consumer is gradually opening up. Factors like quality of the material, durability are also given due importance now a days by the customers. The customers are becoming more and more selective and specific about their requirements. A certain amount of openness has been exhibited by the customers. As the consumer awareness is increasing, buying practices are changing dramatically forcing the manufactures to gear up and improve their product to compete in the Indian innerwear market. Survey done for innerwear manufactures and consumers has highlighted some very interesting points, summarized here. Survey of Innerwear Manufacturers Twenty lingerie manufacturers based in various parts of India were contacted to collect information regarding the products offered by them. Information regarding lingerie was collected in detail and following results were obtained: Price Range:- Price range of the products offered by various manufacturers varies from Rs. 50- Rs. 1000 depending on the fabric used, style and also brand equity. Basic styles are sold at a lower price as compared to the fancy styles. Development of Styles:- For development of new styles of bras generally latest fabric and lace designs are used as inspiration. The designers develop designs in accordance of latest fabrics. Many a times owners of the firm themselves act as designers and develop new design from their experience. A team of experts scrutinizes various designs thus made. Samples of selected designs are developed thereafter. The samples are evaluated by trials on dummies and very rarely on human models. After the trials required changes are made in the original designs and finally the product is produced on mass scale. Final designs are generally 10% of the original line in number. Product Categorization: It was noted that none of the manufacturers is offering special product line for different age groups. Generally fancy and low cut designs are constructed in smaller sizes, meant for teenagers. Designs with fuller cups are constructed in bigger sizes meant for older women. Very few manufacturers offer fancy and comfortable styles for women with bigger sizes. No specific product is offered even for varying seasons. Value Addition: No special finishing is given to the fabric used or the final product before marketing. Finishes meant for innerwear like antibacterial and perfume finish etc. are also not used on an average as it increases the cost and also lack demand. Very few brands use these special finishes for premium range. Research and Development: It was found during the course of study that there is no direct system of consumer feedback followed by manufacturers to improve upon their product. 90% of manufacturers depend upon the comments of retailers to work upon their future product range (Fig. :3). Figure: 3 Styles Of Brassieres: Full cup bra is the most popular style offered by most of the manufacturers. Strapless and Padded bras are second in popularity offered by 80% of manufacturers each. Only 50% of manufacturers are making under wired bras while sports bra (vest, not technically a sports bra) used by beginners or at the time of exercising are offered by 55% of manufacturers (Fig. : 4). Sizes offered: Brassieres are available in the sizes ranging from 28-46 inches. But majority of products are offered in the size range of 30-38 inches. Very few sizes are offered in extreme sizes. It also emerged out of the survey that only 30% of the manufacturers are offering their products in various cup sizes i. . A, B, C, D. Majority of them i. e. 70% are offering their products only in one cup size, generally B. For the product to fit well on the body it is very important to make various cup sizes available. Figure: 4 Colour Range Offered: White colour is found to be an important part of the product basket of manufacturers, offered by all the respondents. 90% of manufacturers offer Black b ras while Beige colour in bras is offered by 75% of manufacturers. Lingerie manufacturers offering more of bra-panty sets use colours like Plum, Pink, Peach, Grey, etc (Fig. : 5). Figure: 5 Raw Materials Used Fabric: Pure cotton is used by 90% of manufacturers to construct bras. The cotton fabric used is mainly knitted fabric. Woven cotton fabrics generally used are voile and terycot. Poplin and cambric is used to line the main fabric. After pure cotton, cotton lycra is most sought after fabric used by 80% of manufacturers. Lace lycra used by 65% of manufacturers finds its use in fancy designs (Fig. : 6). Figure: 6 Trims and Accessories: When enquired about various accessories used for construction of bras it was found that all the manufacturers are offering their products with narrow elastic bands as shoulder straps. 0% manufacturers offer string straps and only 25% of them are offering transparent straps for support at shoulder (Fig. : 7). For back strap elastic band with double hook is used most widely as offered by all the manufacturers, while narrow elastic band with single hook is offered by only half of them. Front opening is generally provided in lactation bras and very rarely o therwise. Edges of the bras are finished with ordinary cotton bindings and elastic is used to provide a snug fit. Only one or two manufacturers are using latest technology mobilon tapes to finish edges and provide good fit at the same time. Plastic, as well as metallic ring adjusters and sliders are used in the industry (Fig. : 8). Thus it has been seen that lot of work needs to be done in the direction of improving product quality so that consumers can get value for the money paid. Efforts should also be made to tap the different segments of market with product differentiation. But at the same time it is also very important to educate the consumer so that she can specify her requirements and demand a quality product that is worth its price. Survey done on consumers has helped to understand the consumer psyche and her awareness level. Figure: 7 Figure: 8

5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students - EssaySupply.com

5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students 5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students Halloween is the best time of year! Wouldn't it be great if we could turn Thanksgiving into Halloween 2.0? What better idea is there than to throw a great Halloween party for your friends. That's right! We aren't just here to help students who ask 'help me write my paper'. We're also here to help students have as much fun as possible. Check out these great Halloween Party Ideas for students! 1. Throw a Geeky Theme Party Are you and your friends part of any fun yet geeky fandoms? Embrace your inner nerd and throw a themed Halloween party. All you have to do is pick something you love and build a party around it. Harry Potter, Doctor Who, Minions, My Little Pony, Steven Universe, Orange is the New Black, The Walking Dead, and Supernatural are all sure to be popular themes this year. 2. Send Your Friends Out on a Halloween Scavenger Hunt Have fun creating a list of Halloween themed items for your friends to find and spooky tasks for them to complete. Just be sure to keep things on the right side of the law. If you aren't sure about what to add to your list, here are few suggestions: Take a selfie in a grave yard Buy a can of pumpkin flavored beer Call a local radio station and get them to play a fun Halloween song Find the most elaborately decorated yard in town Get your picture taken with somebody in a costume Another option is to turn your scavenger hunt into a treasure hunt. In this version, you give party goers a list of clues and puzzles. As they solve each one, it gets them closer and closer to the grand prize. 3. Murder Mystery Dinner You'll need a few friends to serve as actors in order to pull this off, but if you plan things right, your guests will never forget the great party that you threw. You'll need to think of   a crime, and assign roles to victims, perpetrators, and witnesses. Throw together a great meal, and then see which of your friends is the best detective. 4. Movie Marathon The beauty of this party idea is that it is so versatile. If you are looking for a last minute Haloween party idea, this is perfect. All you need is a decent TV set, some DVDs, and a few snacks. You can get your party going in just a couple of hours. If you want to put together something a bit more elaborate, you can fix some Haloween themed snacks, decorate your place, and carefully select movies based on a theme. Maybe a marathon of zombie movies, some foreign horror films, or some campy monster movies from the 1950s? 5. Have a Costume Contest Have a costume contest, but don't make it too easy for your guests. After all, anybody can buy a great costume. Consider instituting a rule that all costumes must be homemade. If you want to make sure that everybody is a winner, why not create a few categories... Strangest Costume Best Costume Based on an Internet Meme Best Literary Character Geekiest Costume Sexiest Costume Spookiest Costume Costume that was   Most Likely Designed by an Engineering Student The Clearly Last Minute Costume Award

4 mistakes bosses make when hiring new employees

4 mistakes bosses make when hiring new employees By the time you’re ready to hire a new employee, it can feel like the end of a long and exhausting process. You’ve talked to lots of people, you’ve read countless resumes, and you could be under a time crunch just to get someone in and working. There’s probably pressure to wrap things up. Even so, as you get ready to hire and onboard new employees, it’s important to make sure you’re avoiding some of the oh-so-common mistakes.Mistake: Over-reliance on first impressionsWhen hiring, many people like to go with gut instinct when they meet a candidate. But are you hiring this person because you like them, or because they’re truly the best person for the job? Before making an offer, do a careful review of how the person meets your needs for the job. If they fall short in some areas (but your instinct is that they can learn or grow to adapt), make sure that potential is grounded in reality- not just wishful thinking. So don’t discount your first impression completely, but do several gut checks along the way to make sure you really believe they’re the right person for the role.Mistake: Not preparing everyone for the new arrivalIt’s not quite the same as sitting a kid down and explaining that he’s going to have a new brother or sister, but the dynamics don’t necessarily change all that much from childhood to adulthood. Your team probably knows you’ve been looking to hire a new person, but the â€Å"okay, it’s done, here’s your new coworker† approach can feel jarring.If you can, involve team members in the hiring process, even if they don’t have any final say in the decision. You can still have them meet with the candidate during the interview process and ask for feedback. Before the new person starts, make sure everyone’s got a basic idea of who the new team member is. A â€Å"get ready to welcome X! He will be working on these projects, and I h ear he plays a mean cello† email can help break the ice and prepare people for their new colleague.This goes for the new person as well- he or she should get a brief overview of the team, who does what, and what the group expectations are. Starting in a new job can feel overwhelming enough, but knowing a bit about what the person is walking into can help ease the transition.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Mistake: Not defining expectations for the job and boss-employee relationshipJob interviews can be so focused on the on-paper requirements for the job that some of the interpersonal parts can get lost. When you’re interviewing someone and it’s likely to progress to a job offer, make sure they understand what your role as the boss is, as well as your priorities and expectations for the job. Again, the more you can let them know up front, the easier it will be to transition the right person into the role. Or at least identify po tential red flags or conflicts before it’s too late.Mistake: Expecting perfection from Day OneYou’re hiring someone qualified for the job, as determined from the thorough vetting of the hiring process. So this person should be ready to rock it on day one, right? Yes†¦ and no. While you shouldn’t lower expectations for the person in the role, it’s important to remember that there’s a learning curve in any new position. Even if the person held a very similar job at a different company, there’s still the potential roadblock of new systems, new workplace dynamics and politics, and different priorities.Having a new employee onboarding plan can help this. By anticipating the things that the new person will need to learn and master over a certain amount of time (like processes, systems, software, etc.), you can help manage expectations- your own and theirs.Putting a little extra thought and planning into your new hire now will help you avoid s ome headaches and misunderstandings down the line. And look at it this way: the better this transition goes, the more likely it is that you’ll have thriving, satisfied employees, and less likely that you’ll be going through the same process again sooner than you’d hope.