The War in Vietnam Essays (1721 words) - Vietnam War, Southeast Asia

The War in Vietnam Direct U.S. military support in The Vietnam War, the country's longest, cost fifty-8,000 American lives. Just the Civil War and the two universal wars were deadlier for Americans. During the time of Vietnam starting in 1964, the U.S Treasury spent over $140 billion on the war, enough cash to subsidize urban recharging ventures in each significant American city. Notwithstanding these huge expenses and their going with open and private injury for the American individuals, the United States fizzled, without precedent for its history, to accomplish its expressed war points. The objective was to protect a different, autonomous, noncommunist government in South Vietnam, yet after April 1975, the socialist Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) administered the whole country. The underlying purposes behind U.S. association in Vietnam appeared to be intelligent and convincing to American pioneers. Following its accomplishment in World War II, the United States confronted the future with a feel ing of good integrity and material certainty. From Washington's point of view, the vital danger to U.S. security and world harmony was solid, domineering socialism exuding from he Soviet Union. Any socialist anyplace, at home or abroad, was, by definition, and adversary of the United States. Drawing a similarity with the fruitless submission of extremist tyrants before World War II, the Truman organization accepted that any indication of socialist animosity must be met rapidly and compellingly by the United States and its partners. This responsive arrangement was known as regulation. In Vietnam the objective of regulation was Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh front he had made in 1941. Ho and his main lieutenants were socialists with long-standing associations with the Soviet Union. They were additionally impassioned Vietnamese patriots who battled first to free their nation of the Japanese and afterward, after 1945, to keep France from restoring its previous provincial authority over Vietnam and the remainder of Indochina. Harry S. Truman and other American pioneers, having no compassion toward French expansionism, supported Vietnamese freedom. In any case, growing socialist control of Eastern Europe and the triumph of the socialists in China's polite was caused France's war against Ho to appear to be an anticommunist instead of a colonialist exertion. At the point when France consented to a quansi-autonomous Vietnam under Emperor Bao Dai as an option in contrast to Ho's DRV, the United States chose to help the French position. The American origination of Vietnam as a virus war battleground to a great extent disregarded the battle for social equity and national power happening inside the nation. American consideration concentrated essentially on Europe and on Asia past Vietnam. Help to France in Indochina was a renumeration for French collaboration with America's arrangements for the barrier of Europe through the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After China turned into a socialist state in 1949, the security of Japan was the fate of foremost significance to Washington, and Japanese improvement expected access to the business sectors and crude materials of Southeast Asia. The flare-up of war in Korea in 1950 served essentially to affirm Washington's conviction that socialist hostility represented an incredible peril to Asia . Resulting charges that Truman had lost China and had made due with an impasse in Korea made succeeding presidents dread the residential political outcomes on the off chance that they lost Vietnam. This anxiety, an overes timation of American force, and an underestimation of Vietnamese socialist quality bolted all organizations from 1950 through the 1960s into a firm anticommunist remain in Vietnam. Since American strategy producers neglected to welcome the measure of exertion that would be required to apply impact on Vietnam's political and social structure, the course of American approach prompted a consistent heightening of U.S. association. President Dwight D. Eisenhower expanded the degree of helper to the French however kept on maintaining a strategic distance from military intercession, in any event, when the French encountered an overwhelming annihilation at Dien Bien Phu in the spring of 1954. Following that fight, a universal meeting at Geneva, Switzerland, masterminded a truce and accommodated a North-South parcel of Vietnam until races could be held. The United States was not involved with the Geneva Agreements and started to cultivate the production of a Vietnamese system in South Vietna m's despotic president Ngo Dinh Diem, who dismissed Bao Dai in October 1955, opposed holding a political decision on the reunification of Vietnam. Regardless of over

Analysis of the 2nd Chapter of The Aesthetics of the Natural Essay

Investigation of the second Chapter of The Esthetics of the Natural Environments - Essay Example During the past ages the idea of nature was very ameliorating as it depicted a specific interesting excellence. As per the data from this part, the energy about the bona fide condition is vastly different from the previous hundreds of years, and the idea of the earth is being changed and supplanted by workmanship. Legitimately it is said that the structures being developed on the common habitat were at first intended to be useful to the individuals and they should be built absent a lot of impedance of the characteristic structure of the area of the developments (Carson and Berleant, 2007). The section likewise clarifies how in nations, for example, the United States of America, such a large number of developments have been raised by the models and the structure are done filling their need since it has arrived at a degree where individuals are currently entirely awkward living in those specific structures. The part likewise clarifies that a portion of the developments being set up in the current century are being overstated so that an individual may neglect to tell from far whether the structure is a congregation, a shopping center or a house. It is clarified in the section that the present structures are developed in a manner that depicts an alternate image of what the structure is intended to speak to. As per the writer of this book, developments ought to be intended to coordinate its motivation and that the structure highlights ought to have the option to go along with its utilization. There are a few contemplations that ought to be investigated additionally before the developments and these incorporate the space, the lighting, the sounding framework, and the development surfaces among other thing (Carson and Berleant, 2007). This part additionally clarifies how nature is firmly identified with people, and needs to cause the peruser to comprehend that the earth is truly perfect with the person. It proceeds to clarify the connection between the environmentâ₠¬â„¢s nature and the individuals. That the earth has numerous positive effects on human life and the manner in which it can have negative effects also relying upon how they partner with one another. Nature has an inseparable tie to people and, along these lines, whatever is developed in it will consistently be a direct result of them. Hence, at that point it is clarified in the part how developments ought to be set up after examinations have been made which guarantee how agreeable the earth is. Hence, the earth is built by models as indicated by their ideal structures to draw in and satisfy the eyes of the clients and simultaneously the earth where the development is occurring ought to be checked cautiously and contemplations made to guarantee the solace of the clients. The sections are about the developments being set up in the indigenous habitat and how they ought to be done specifically. That the environmental factors of the individuals living inside it or inside the developments must be favorable (Carson and Berleant, 2007). Nonetheless, the developments being assembled anyplace ought to likewise be made in such manners that they don't meddle brutally with the earth. This is on the grounds that the individuals who are to involve the structures will at present need those common assets inside the earth. Developments effectively dirty and decimate the

How I Teach Math A Veteran Teachers Advice for Building Student Confidence

How I Teach Math A Veteran Teachers Advice for Building Student Confidence Veteran teacher Sara outlines strategies to help your students improve their confidence in math and offers tips she uses in her class to promote a positive learning environment where students are given the opportunity to demonstrate what they know. by Sara McCarthy Teaching math can be challenging, especially when students have low confidence in their mathematical abilities. Here are some strategies I have developed over the years to help build student confidence and make teaching math a more pleasant and productive experience. Try them in your classroom! Identify Strengths and Challenges Identifying student strengths and challenges helps set the stage for a positive environment in my math class. Once my class list is finalized, I review student records to gain insight into classroom composition, especially at the beginning of the year as I’m getting to know students. At my school I have access to district mathematics assessment data and I look for general trends from previous grades. This helps inform my instruction for the upcoming year. For example, if I see that a large portion of students previously had difficulty in geometry, I expect to encounter challenges when I teach this unit. I can then adapt my instruction and conduct a more in-depth review before starting the unit and be extra diligent checking for understanding as the unit progresses. Activate Prior Knowledge Most mathematics curriculum is a spiral where topics are revisited and built upon. I attempt to help students feel comfortable and boost their mathematical confidence by activating their prior knowledge, reminding them that they already know some key aspects of our topics. This can be accomplished formally using KWL charts, which you can find on TeacherVision. In addition to KWL charts, or if I am running short on time, I often do a class brainstorm session on the board when introducing a new topic. I find it useful to ask students what they know, remember, or think of when they hear a certain topic and encourage them to volunteer anything that comes to mind, whether it’s a word, phrase, or diagram. Some students will give detailed answers, such as “the equation of a line is y = mx + b.” Others may provide a short yet pertinent answer, such as “graphs” or “straight line,” which sparks a class discussion, validating that the student who answered knows something about the topic and reminding the class that they have seen this before. Informed Instruction Exit tickets are an important tool in math class as they have the potential to reveal concepts requiring additional practice before summative assessments occur. Exit tickets can be a quick way to check in with students and gauge their understanding. Simple rating-scale tickets are very effective: “On a scale of 1 (confused) to 4 (got it) rate your understanding of dividing fractions.” This type of exit ticket is quick and easy for a teacher to tally yet provides valuable information to inform further instruction. If the vast majority of the class replies that they have a good understanding of the topic, the teacher may move on. However, if the majority of the class responds that they are still having difficulties, the teacher can plan next steps to address this. Another type of exit ticket may ask students to identify what they found most confusing in today’s lesson. This is another useful type of question to guide instruction â€" if the majority of the class gives the same response, there is a need to revisit the topic. I also do quick informal surveys of my class during lessons. I ask everyone to put their heads down, and then ask students to raise their hands if they 1) feel they are understanding the topic, or 2) are still confused. Making this an anonymous survey, by putting their heads down, helps to remove anxiety and encourages students to answer truthfully. It also lets me know who may need a check-in before the lesson is over and lets me adapt my instruction on the spot, providing more explanation or moving on as required. Differentiated Instruction Differentiated instruction helps students to succeed in math class because it meets them at their mathematical level. To differentiate instruction, start the whole class with the same lesson. The differentiating comes in when it is time for students to apply and practice what they have learned. I provide questions to students based on their ability, grouping students who, through the use of exit tickets or surveys, have indicated similar understanding of the subject up to this point. For example, I may group students who have indicated on an exit ticket a strong understanding of the topic together with a set of more challenging questions. Another group, who has indicated they are developing an understanding of the topic, will be given a mix of simple and complex questions. And I will work directly with students who have indicated they find the topic challenging. This of course takes a bit of planning and organizing to implement. Another way to differentiate instruction in math class is to provide and encourage the use of open-ended questions. For example, rather than giving students a dividing fractions worksheet, you may ask students to create five of their own fraction division questions, with answers. Using this method, students can demonstrate what they know about dividing fractions. For example, some may use a combination of mixed numbers, improper fractions, different denominators etc. Others may use only fraction benchmarks ( ½, ¼, etc.). Regardless of the fractions they choose to include, each student is meeting the outcome of dividing fractions. Show What They Know Going along with the point above, I try to provide students with the opportunity to show me what they know about math. As mentioned, open-ended questions are one method of doing this. Using a variety of formative and summative assessments, such as observations, conversations and a range of products (concrete, pictorial, or symbolic) is another way to incorporate student choice and the opportunity to demonstrate what they know into your lessons. Some of the alternate formative assessments I use include Frayer models, questions without numbers, and “bad” examples. Giving “bad” examples especially seems to be a favorite of students. For example, I may ask them for a bad example of applying the order of operations to rational numbers, or finding the area of a circle. I ask them to list 3-5 points that explain why their example is “bad” and what would make their answer “good.” Asking for bad examples appears to remove the pressure of giving the perfect answer and encourages students, who may otherwise be reluctant, to attempt the problem. Providing students with these opportunities to demonstrate what they know helps them gain confidence in their mathematical ability. I feel one of our biggest challenges in math class are students who doubt their own mathematical skills. Focusing on what students know, checking for understanding and adapting instruction as necessary to meet my students where they are helps develop a positive learning environment in my classroom and helps students experience success. I hope you are able to use some of these strategies in your own class to get to know your students and boost their mathematical confidence. What are your strategies for teaching math effectively? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Veteran teacher Sara McCarthy has been teaching middle and high school math and science in Nova Scotia, Canada for the past ten years. She has recently started Escape Ed, which produces educational games for math and science classes. Before becoming a teacher, Sara worked in a molecular biology lab where she honed her mad scientist skills. She spends her winter breaks on ski slopes and her summers at the beach.

Difference Between Baking Powder and Baking Soda

Both baking soda and baking powder are leavening agents, which means they are added to baked goods before cooking to produce carbon dioxide and cause them to rise. Baking powder contains baking soda, but the two substances are used under different conditions. Did You Know? You can  substitute  baking powder in place of baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking Soda Baking soda is pure sodium bicarbonate. When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient—such as yogurt, chocolate, buttermilk, or honey—the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to expand or rise. The reaction begins immediately upon mixing the ingredients, so you need to bake recipes that call for baking soda immediately, or else they will fall flat. Baking Powder Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it already includes the acidifying agent (cream of tartar) as well as a drying agent, usually starch. Baking powder is available as a single- or double-acting powder. Single-acting powders are activated by moisture, so you must bake recipes that include this product immediately after mixing. Double-acting powders react in two phases and can stand for a while before baking. With double-acting powder, some gas is released at room temperature when the powder is added to the dough, but the majority of the gas is released after the temperature of the dough increases in the oven. How Are Recipes Determined? Some recipes call for baking soda, while others call for baking powder. Which ingredient is used depends on the other ingredients in the recipe. The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Youll find baking soda in cookie recipes. Baking powder contains both an acid and a base and has an overall neutral effect in terms of taste. Recipes that call for baking powder often call for other neutral-tasting ingredients, such as milk. Baking powder is a common ingredient in cakes and biscuits. Substituting in Recipes You can substitute baking powder for baking soda (youll need more baking powder and it may affect the taste), but you cant use baking soda when a recipe calls for baking powder. Baking soda by itself lacks the acidity to make a cake rise. However, you can make your own baking powder if you have baking soda and cream of tartar. Simply mix two parts cream of tartar with one part baking soda. Related Reading Six Simple Buttermilk Substitutes: Most buttermilk you buy is made using chemistry. You can make homemade buttermilk by adding an acidic kitchen ingredient to milk.Common Ingredient Substitutions: Baking powder and baking soda arent the only cooking ingredients people run out of.How Baking Powder Works: Learn how baking soda makes baked goods rise and why its used in some recipes but not others.How Baking Soda Works: Learn how baking soda works and how this affects how quickly you need to bake a recipe once you mix it.Baking Powder Shelf Life: Baking powder doesnt last forever. Learn about its shelf life and how to test it for freshness so your recipe doesnt fall flat.

Alcoholism An Exploration Of Alcoholism - 2043 Words

Rachel Hines Mr. Allen Period 6/7 3 June 2015 One Drink Too Many: An Exploration of Alcoholism Many adults can enjoy a drink or two from time to time without any issues, but just one drink can cause over seventeen million Americans’ lives to spiral out of control. Though most people do not have issues with drinking alcoholic beverages, many have a condition which causes their brain to function differently when they consume alcohol. This disease can be deadly for both the alcoholic and those around them. Alcoholism can control someone’s life, and even though it is a societal issue that is still being addressed, more people are seeking treatment to better themselves. Alcoholism, excessive consumption of alcohol that results in dependence, is caused by genetics and environmental factors that result in harmful effects on the body of the drinker and the safety of society; however, therapy and support groups are helping alcoholics recover today, and medications undergoing trial could allow them to live normal lives in th e future. Alcoholism is a major social issue around the world today. The ProQuest Staff of SIRS Researcher defines alcoholism as excessive use of alcohol that eventually results in dependence, or addiction where the body craves a drug. There are roughly 140 million alcoholics currently in the world, which results in higher rates of crime, abuse, illness, car crashes, and lower productivity in work (ProQuest Staff). According to Dr. Mark Willenbring, mostShow MoreRelatedThe Base Of Ethical Analysis Of Alcoholism1012 Words   |  5 Pagesdone this task on the base of ethical analysis of alcoholism. 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A long way Gone and Refugee Boy Free Essays

Ishmael Beah’s A Long Way Gone and Alem Kelo’s Refugee Boy are both exceptional books on the lives of two different people in two different countries undergoing almost similar events in life. Both of the stories portray life from the perspective of two vulnerable children caught up in circumstances that are not pleasant. However, the only difference between the two is that while Beah’s events are actual events, Alem Kelo’s are fictitious. We will write a custom essay sample on A long way Gone and Refugee Boy or any similar topic only for you Order Now However they both succeed in portraying the hard life of a child trying to fit in to a society that is alien to him. A Long Way Gone: memoirs of a boy soldier. Ishmael Beah, in his autobiography recounting the war years in his country, Sierra Leone, details how he became a child soldier. He says that when the war started, his mother and his father, who were from different tribe, which happened to be at war with each other, were separated. Though he does not give much detail as to how and why they separated, he records that they went separate ways. After the militia invaded their village, and he narrowly escaping being forcefully recruited into the militia, he realizes that there is no other way to escape the war and its only a matter of time before he either join the army or the rebel forces. So he opts to join the army citing the reason that in doing so he could atleast avenges his relatives who were killed by the rebel forces. In the army he also survived by taking ‘brown brown’, a mixture of gun powder and cocaine. This he says they were influenced to take due to the various brutal and sometimes vicious they had to do. The story is quite remarkable in that Ishmael Beah tends to remember almost all the little tiny details, which are remarkable, considered that most of the things he went through were quite early in life. For example he can vividly recount the events that marked the beginning of civil war in their village; he can remember the details like a woman carrying a bullet ridden child, a Volkswagen that brought the first people to be affected by the war and so on. Refugee Boy: Refugee boy is a fictional book by Benjamin Zephaniah. It tell the life of a young boy from a mixed family, the father being an Ethiopian while the mother is an Eritrean, it happens that these two countries are at war and Ethiopian army is demanding that foreigners, especially from Eritrea to leave the country. In the story, Kelo, being of mixed blood, cannot be accepted in either Ethiopia or Eritrea. The soldiers who come to compel them to leave call him â€Å"a mongrel†. So in search for safety for their son, Kelo’s father takes him to London in what to Kelo seemed like a holiday. Kilo is however rudely shocked when he realizes that the holiday was not really a holiday after he is abandon in a hotel room by his father. His predicaments are just beginning since he has to move to children’s home then to a foster home at the Fitzgeralds. In between he fights to get asylum in UK. He is tossed in the hands of social services and the Refugee Council of England. References Zephaniah, B. (2004). Refugee Boy. New York: Turtleback Books. Beah, I. (2007). A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Limited. How to cite A long way Gone and Refugee Boy, Papers

Innerwear Market free essay sample

INNERWEAR MARKET IN INDIA- MARKETERS’ AND CONSUMERS’ PERSPECTIVE Jyoti Aggarwa (lecturer)l and Dr. Charu Gupta(Reader) Department of Textiles and Clothing Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, India E-mail- [emailprotected] com ABSTRACT The innerwear market in India is currently valued at Rs. 5160 crore in value terms and 80. 16 crore units in volume terms The Indian lingerie industry is poised for a great leap ahead due to the growing domestic demand coupled with huge export potential. There are more than 1000 Indian brands present, but only 200 are active nation wide. The remaining cater to markets in the vicinity of their manufacture. The Last decade has witnessed inflow of many multinational brands in the Indian innerwear market. Many foreign companies have already set up or are in the process of setting up their manufacturing units in India in collaboration with local players. India’s vast resources, skilled manpower and infrastructure attracts a lot of foreign investment in the field of innerwear. We will write a custom essay sample on Innerwear Market or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper brings to light the product offerings of Indian manufacturers and their comparison with multinational brands. Leading brands present in Indian lingerie market have been studied under the heads of year of establishment, retail presence, styles of products offered, price range and the best selling categories. The data has been gathered by personal interviews of twenty lingerie manufacturers. Two hundred Indian consumers have also been surveyed to collect information regarding popularity of brands and consumer preferences. Analysis of data brings out comparison of the product mix of Indian and multinational brands. It also highlights consumer preferences and gaps to be filled between demand and supply. The paper would benefit that segment of the industry that plan to set up their business in India, in terms of market segmentation and consumer preferences. INTRODUCTION Many multinational manufacturers offering multitude of products consider India as a destination market. Potential of this huge market is reflected through the demographic picture (as of July 2003 estimates): †¢1. 059 billion population †¢319 million females between 15-64 years †¢30 percent of 95 million of that are considered middle class with enough disposable income to be defined as â€Å"real consumers†. Figure: 1), Source: Images Business of Fashion, August 2005, Vol. VI No. VIII Analysing the growth of Indian apparel market, brings out the fact that innerwear segment is growing at a much faster rate than the other segments (Fig. 1). The innerwear market in the country for the year 2004 is valued at Rs. 5,160 crore in value terms, registering a growth rate of 13. 91% over 2003, when it stood at Rs. 4,530 crore. The volume appreciated about 5. 72% at 80. 16 crore units in 2004 as compared to about 75. 82 crore units sold in 2003. On the overall basis, volume as well as value growth in the innerwear market was marginally higher in 2004 as compared to 2003. However, the (Figure: 2), Source: Images Business of Fashion, August 2005, Vol. VI No. VIII value growth in both men’s undergarments and women’s lingerie segments was more than double the growth in volumes. The growth in volume was 7% while value went up by nearly 17% (Fig. : 2). Market Players The innerwear market is flooded with the best of Indian as well as international brands. The inside story got its first stylish boost when Associated Apparels Pvt. Ltd. akers of Liberty shirts, launched the world famous Maiden Form bras, Jockey men’s underwear and swimwear in 1962 in India. The brands were an instant success with their style and quality. Because of the change in government policies the company gave the overseas tie-up and changed the names to Libertina for lingerie and Liberty for men’s underwear in the late 70s. With the s uccess of Libertina and Liberty other Indian companies moved into lingerie bandwagon. Peter Pan from Dawn Mills in the 70s entered the market. The brand was one of the favorites with the Indian women, but two decades later it vanished from the market. VIP a major player in men’s segment launched Petals, a lycra moulded cup bra with motifs, which was considered ahead of its time and was discontinued. But its Lovable launch in 1996 proved a success when they brought in a foreign brand but made in India. Lovable was followed by Feelings, a domestic offering of VIP along with Daisy Dee. Vanity Fair was launched in 2004 and finally a Korean brand Try for men and women in 2004. Another big brand in the lingerie market is Rupa Co. started in 1985. Its range of men’s, women’s and children’s underwear makes it India’s largest manufacturer and seller of innerwear. Other brands that are making their presence felt in the Indian innerwear market are Amul, Lux Cozi and Dollar catering to a particular segment of men’s innerwear market while the lingerie segment has its own local brands like Neva, Bodycare, Softy, Lady Care, Little Lacy, Red Rose, Sonari and many more. Trickle of foreign brands started in 90s with the advent of Jockey re-entering the Indian market followed by Calida and liberty Blu. Then the very high fashion Gossard came for a limited period. The entry of the Marks and Spencer chain stores created a stir. Another big entry was Triumph. Enamor, another foreign brand entered through Gokaldas Exports and very chic French brand Aubade opened its only outlet in Mumbai. LaSenza and Hanes are other brand in the scene. Though innerwear includes garments for men, women and kids , it’s the women segment called lingerie, that draws the maximum attention. Lingerie is considered an important value added segment. The range of items available as innerwear is enormous. But for an average Indian woman innerwear is limited to just a couple of items, mainly bras and panties. Out of these two, also brassiere is more complex an item to ensure the comfort and fit. A number of styles are available in this basic garment like full cup, push up, sports, strapless and under wired bras. In India, brassieres are constructed using 100 percent cotton fabrics, either knitted or woven. Sometimes, 3-10 percent Lycra is also added to get stretch effect and to provide a better fit. Panties are generally made of 100% cotton sinkers, ribs and interlock fabrics. Polyester cotton jacquard knits are mainly used for achieving comfort and aesthetics. Other components include range of elastics for different areas of the garment, underwires for support, eye hooks and ring fastners. Laces are also used extensively, with both knit and woven fabrics. Linings are used in the cup area for support and strength, while pipings are used at the cup and side seems to give fullness and strength. As inner wear comes in direct contact with the skin, primary requirement for users is comfort, followed by elegance. There is a need for a good combination of technology and quality components as raw materials, to succeed in producing a standard product. Export Scenario Despite the domestic growth, the roughly $ 400-million Indian industry contributes a small percentage to the global lingerie, hosiery and innerwear market. India gets only a small share of the export manufacturing pie. However the situation has improved in the last decade. Leading buyers are planning to start sourcing from India in the near future. The Bagalore based Gokaldas Images is one of the oldest manufacturer that has tied up with Sara Lee Courtaulds for manufacturing foundation garments. MAS Holdings Sri Lanka has set up a 50:50 joint venture arrangement called Intimate Clothing Private Ltd. n Bagalore to produce Lingerie. The unit is a 100% export oriented unit. Leading international buyers like V F Corporation, selling under the brand name Vanity Fair also plans to start sourcing from India in coming times. Triumph International, the German company selling foundation wear in India plans to set up its own manufacturing unit in Chennai within a year for both export to Europe and selling in the Indian market. At present Triumph is a one third partner in Intimate Fashion India Private Ltd. , Chennai, a manufacturing unit also supplying to Victoria’s Secret, U. S. Primero Intimates, a newly launched venture of premier Group in Coimbatore is supplying fashion lingerie to high-end brands in Europe. Other leading buyers are Jockey International, Warnaco, Eveden, Shirley of Hollywood, Victoria’s Secret, Etam Way, La Serza, Harrogate Lingerie and swimwear, La Perla with ‘Black Label’ brand, Wacoal, Palmers and Panache lingerie to name a few. Celebrity brands like Jennifer Lopez and Pamela Anderson are also sourcing from India. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY This work has been undertaken to study the innerwear market in India. An in-depth information has been gathered regarding its size, current scenario, prevalent practices and potential with special reference to lingerie segment. Efforts have also been made to collect first hand data from the leading innerwear manufacturers to study their product offerings. Indian consumers have also been studied to gather information about their preferences. METHODOLOGY Secondary data regarding the structure of Indian lingerie industry has been collected from various magazines, journals, Newspaper articles, Internet sites etc. Primary data has been obtained from manufacturers and consumers of lingerie in India. Sample Selection: leading manufacturers of innerwear had been contacted to gather information about the product line offered by them in terms of style, designs, fit, colours, etc. Out of the total of twenty manufacturers surveyed, six manufacturers based at Delhi were contacted at their offices. Manufacturers having their units outside Delhi, mainly in Mumbai, Tirupur and Bangalore were contacted at annual lingerie fair, â€Å"Bodywear†. The sample of consumers comprises women from high or upper middle class socio-economic strata, as the group is better informed. 200 consumers were surveyed to gather information regarding their preferences for lingerie. Consumers were contacted mainly at lingerie outlets to study their complete buying process. Leading lingerie stores of Delhi were selected for this purpose. Composite manufacturing units situated in and around Delhi have also been surveyed to study the raw materials used, manufacturing procedures, assembly line operations and the quality control systems followed. Tools for Data Collection: Data has been collected through questionnaire and observation techniques. Separate questionnaires have been formulated for manufacturers and consumers. The questionnaires have been personally administered to the respondents in order to clarify doubts if any. Observations have been made simultaneously to collect intricate details. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Innerwear today has achieved new dimensions. An unending list of brands present in the Indian lingerie market is the proof of the great potential of the market in India. The strong Indian middle class is still growing and attracts even the foreign lingerie manufacturers to latch on the Indian bandwagon. Women in developed nations have less and less time to shop, so the industry is spending more time looking for new markets such as China and India. Where women have more time on their hands as well as growing disposable income. In the present scenario it is important to analyse the innerwear market in India. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths †¢A market with large hidden strength. †¢Current growth rate of 14%. †¢Industry with never declining demand. Also the class of its consumers will always grow with the growing population and specific consumer preferences and awareness. †¢Product has unsubstitutable demand. Weaknesses †¢A large segment of the market is in the unorganized sector. †¢Lack of awareness in society. †¢Low degree of brand loyalty. †¢High degree of price-sensitiveness. †¢Poor perception of quality of Indian lingerie. Opportunities †¢Changing perceptions about the product from a marginal item of clothing it is now slowly being perceived as a part of one’s wardrobe. †¢Projected future growth rate of about 15% for the Rs. ,500 crore industry. †¢Explosion potential for the unorganiz sector to grow by making inroads into the share of the unorganized sector. †¢The impact of better educating advertisements are making the consumers, look at factors like comfort, quality and brand name and not only price. Threats More and more players entering the market competing sever ely with each other but sharing the same small pie instead of battling against the unorgainsed sector. The future of the Indian lingerie industry is not very grim. The Indian consumer is gradually opening up. Factors like quality of the material, durability are also given due importance now a days by the customers. The customers are becoming more and more selective and specific about their requirements. A certain amount of openness has been exhibited by the customers. As the consumer awareness is increasing, buying practices are changing dramatically forcing the manufactures to gear up and improve their product to compete in the Indian innerwear market. Survey done for innerwear manufactures and consumers has highlighted some very interesting points, summarized here. Survey of Innerwear Manufacturers Twenty lingerie manufacturers based in various parts of India were contacted to collect information regarding the products offered by them. Information regarding lingerie was collected in detail and following results were obtained: Price Range:- Price range of the products offered by various manufacturers varies from Rs. 50- Rs. 1000 depending on the fabric used, style and also brand equity. Basic styles are sold at a lower price as compared to the fancy styles. Development of Styles:- For development of new styles of bras generally latest fabric and lace designs are used as inspiration. The designers develop designs in accordance of latest fabrics. Many a times owners of the firm themselves act as designers and develop new design from their experience. A team of experts scrutinizes various designs thus made. Samples of selected designs are developed thereafter. The samples are evaluated by trials on dummies and very rarely on human models. After the trials required changes are made in the original designs and finally the product is produced on mass scale. Final designs are generally 10% of the original line in number. Product Categorization: It was noted that none of the manufacturers is offering special product line for different age groups. Generally fancy and low cut designs are constructed in smaller sizes, meant for teenagers. Designs with fuller cups are constructed in bigger sizes meant for older women. Very few manufacturers offer fancy and comfortable styles for women with bigger sizes. No specific product is offered even for varying seasons. Value Addition: No special finishing is given to the fabric used or the final product before marketing. Finishes meant for innerwear like antibacterial and perfume finish etc. are also not used on an average as it increases the cost and also lack demand. Very few brands use these special finishes for premium range. Research and Development: It was found during the course of study that there is no direct system of consumer feedback followed by manufacturers to improve upon their product. 90% of manufacturers depend upon the comments of retailers to work upon their future product range (Fig. :3). Figure: 3 Styles Of Brassieres: Full cup bra is the most popular style offered by most of the manufacturers. Strapless and Padded bras are second in popularity offered by 80% of manufacturers each. Only 50% of manufacturers are making under wired bras while sports bra (vest, not technically a sports bra) used by beginners or at the time of exercising are offered by 55% of manufacturers (Fig. : 4). Sizes offered: Brassieres are available in the sizes ranging from 28-46 inches. But majority of products are offered in the size range of 30-38 inches. Very few sizes are offered in extreme sizes. It also emerged out of the survey that only 30% of the manufacturers are offering their products in various cup sizes i. . A, B, C, D. Majority of them i. e. 70% are offering their products only in one cup size, generally B. For the product to fit well on the body it is very important to make various cup sizes available. Figure: 4 Colour Range Offered: White colour is found to be an important part of the product basket of manufacturers, offered by all the respondents. 90% of manufacturers offer Black b ras while Beige colour in bras is offered by 75% of manufacturers. Lingerie manufacturers offering more of bra-panty sets use colours like Plum, Pink, Peach, Grey, etc (Fig. : 5). Figure: 5 Raw Materials Used Fabric: Pure cotton is used by 90% of manufacturers to construct bras. The cotton fabric used is mainly knitted fabric. Woven cotton fabrics generally used are voile and terycot. Poplin and cambric is used to line the main fabric. After pure cotton, cotton lycra is most sought after fabric used by 80% of manufacturers. Lace lycra used by 65% of manufacturers finds its use in fancy designs (Fig. : 6). Figure: 6 Trims and Accessories: When enquired about various accessories used for construction of bras it was found that all the manufacturers are offering their products with narrow elastic bands as shoulder straps. 0% manufacturers offer string straps and only 25% of them are offering transparent straps for support at shoulder (Fig. : 7). For back strap elastic band with double hook is used most widely as offered by all the manufacturers, while narrow elastic band with single hook is offered by only half of them. Front opening is generally provided in lactation bras and very rarely o therwise. Edges of the bras are finished with ordinary cotton bindings and elastic is used to provide a snug fit. Only one or two manufacturers are using latest technology mobilon tapes to finish edges and provide good fit at the same time. Plastic, as well as metallic ring adjusters and sliders are used in the industry (Fig. : 8). Thus it has been seen that lot of work needs to be done in the direction of improving product quality so that consumers can get value for the money paid. Efforts should also be made to tap the different segments of market with product differentiation. But at the same time it is also very important to educate the consumer so that she can specify her requirements and demand a quality product that is worth its price. Survey done on consumers has helped to understand the consumer psyche and her awareness level. Figure: 7 Figure: 8

5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students - EssaySupply.com

5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students 5 Halloween Party Ideas for Students Halloween is the best time of year! Wouldn't it be great if we could turn Thanksgiving into Halloween 2.0? What better idea is there than to throw a great Halloween party for your friends. That's right! We aren't just here to help students who ask 'help me write my paper'. We're also here to help students have as much fun as possible. Check out these great Halloween Party Ideas for students! 1. Throw a Geeky Theme Party Are you and your friends part of any fun yet geeky fandoms? Embrace your inner nerd and throw a themed Halloween party. All you have to do is pick something you love and build a party around it. Harry Potter, Doctor Who, Minions, My Little Pony, Steven Universe, Orange is the New Black, The Walking Dead, and Supernatural are all sure to be popular themes this year. 2. Send Your Friends Out on a Halloween Scavenger Hunt Have fun creating a list of Halloween themed items for your friends to find and spooky tasks for them to complete. Just be sure to keep things on the right side of the law. If you aren't sure about what to add to your list, here are few suggestions: Take a selfie in a grave yard Buy a can of pumpkin flavored beer Call a local radio station and get them to play a fun Halloween song Find the most elaborately decorated yard in town Get your picture taken with somebody in a costume Another option is to turn your scavenger hunt into a treasure hunt. In this version, you give party goers a list of clues and puzzles. As they solve each one, it gets them closer and closer to the grand prize. 3. Murder Mystery Dinner You'll need a few friends to serve as actors in order to pull this off, but if you plan things right, your guests will never forget the great party that you threw. You'll need to think of   a crime, and assign roles to victims, perpetrators, and witnesses. Throw together a great meal, and then see which of your friends is the best detective. 4. Movie Marathon The beauty of this party idea is that it is so versatile. If you are looking for a last minute Haloween party idea, this is perfect. All you need is a decent TV set, some DVDs, and a few snacks. You can get your party going in just a couple of hours. If you want to put together something a bit more elaborate, you can fix some Haloween themed snacks, decorate your place, and carefully select movies based on a theme. Maybe a marathon of zombie movies, some foreign horror films, or some campy monster movies from the 1950s? 5. Have a Costume Contest Have a costume contest, but don't make it too easy for your guests. After all, anybody can buy a great costume. Consider instituting a rule that all costumes must be homemade. If you want to make sure that everybody is a winner, why not create a few categories... Strangest Costume Best Costume Based on an Internet Meme Best Literary Character Geekiest Costume Sexiest Costume Spookiest Costume Costume that was   Most Likely Designed by an Engineering Student The Clearly Last Minute Costume Award

4 mistakes bosses make when hiring new employees

4 mistakes bosses make when hiring new employees By the time you’re ready to hire a new employee, it can feel like the end of a long and exhausting process. You’ve talked to lots of people, you’ve read countless resumes, and you could be under a time crunch just to get someone in and working. There’s probably pressure to wrap things up. Even so, as you get ready to hire and onboard new employees, it’s important to make sure you’re avoiding some of the oh-so-common mistakes.Mistake: Over-reliance on first impressionsWhen hiring, many people like to go with gut instinct when they meet a candidate. But are you hiring this person because you like them, or because they’re truly the best person for the job? Before making an offer, do a careful review of how the person meets your needs for the job. If they fall short in some areas (but your instinct is that they can learn or grow to adapt), make sure that potential is grounded in reality- not just wishful thinking. So don’t discount your first impression completely, but do several gut checks along the way to make sure you really believe they’re the right person for the role.Mistake: Not preparing everyone for the new arrivalIt’s not quite the same as sitting a kid down and explaining that he’s going to have a new brother or sister, but the dynamics don’t necessarily change all that much from childhood to adulthood. Your team probably knows you’ve been looking to hire a new person, but the â€Å"okay, it’s done, here’s your new coworker† approach can feel jarring.If you can, involve team members in the hiring process, even if they don’t have any final say in the decision. You can still have them meet with the candidate during the interview process and ask for feedback. Before the new person starts, make sure everyone’s got a basic idea of who the new team member is. A â€Å"get ready to welcome X! He will be working on these projects, and I h ear he plays a mean cello† email can help break the ice and prepare people for their new colleague.This goes for the new person as well- he or she should get a brief overview of the team, who does what, and what the group expectations are. Starting in a new job can feel overwhelming enough, but knowing a bit about what the person is walking into can help ease the transition.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Mistake: Not defining expectations for the job and boss-employee relationshipJob interviews can be so focused on the on-paper requirements for the job that some of the interpersonal parts can get lost. When you’re interviewing someone and it’s likely to progress to a job offer, make sure they understand what your role as the boss is, as well as your priorities and expectations for the job. Again, the more you can let them know up front, the easier it will be to transition the right person into the role. Or at least identify po tential red flags or conflicts before it’s too late.Mistake: Expecting perfection from Day OneYou’re hiring someone qualified for the job, as determined from the thorough vetting of the hiring process. So this person should be ready to rock it on day one, right? Yes†¦ and no. While you shouldn’t lower expectations for the person in the role, it’s important to remember that there’s a learning curve in any new position. Even if the person held a very similar job at a different company, there’s still the potential roadblock of new systems, new workplace dynamics and politics, and different priorities.Having a new employee onboarding plan can help this. By anticipating the things that the new person will need to learn and master over a certain amount of time (like processes, systems, software, etc.), you can help manage expectations- your own and theirs.Putting a little extra thought and planning into your new hire now will help you avoid s ome headaches and misunderstandings down the line. And look at it this way: the better this transition goes, the more likely it is that you’ll have thriving, satisfied employees, and less likely that you’ll be going through the same process again sooner than you’d hope.

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Non-Malignanat Palliative Care - Assignment Example Introduction Certain incurable conditions like advanced malignancy and end-stage organ diseases are a challenge to health professionals like nurses for several reasons. Besides instituting treatments to manage their symptoms like pain, the nurses also need to take care of other aspects like emotional support, spiritual care and psychosocial interventions (Arolker and Johson, 2007). Patients who are in terminal stages of life need to be managed in a holistic manner keeping in mind the emotional distress they are going through. Such a care is known as palliative care. Extension of palliative care services to all patients, including those suffering from non-malignant conditions is a much discussed topic in many countries all over the world. Infact, there is a lot of pressure among health service circles for the provision of palliative care to patients based on their need rather than diagnosis. However, at the same time, there is paucity of practical skills and information as to how supp ort must be provided to patients with non-malignant diseases (Cochrane et al, 2008). In this essay, a critical analysis of provision of palliative care services by those specialists providing palliative care for cancer patients will be done. 2. Overview of the needs of people with non-malignant conditions for palliative care According to the World Health Organization (2009), palliative care is â€Å"an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual." Historically, palliative care services by specialists were provided to only cancer patients (Addington-Hall et al, 1998). But, actually, even non-malignant patients in terminally ill stages require palliative care services and pressure to service these patients is mou nting enormously (Cochrane et al, 2008). According to Addington-Hall (1995), palliative care must be provided to patients based on the need rather than on the diagnosis. This means that even non-malignant patients who quantify for palliative services will need palliative care services. Palliative services for those with non-malignant conditions are sparse when compared with those with malignant conditions (Cochrane et al, 2008). Several needs assessments have proven that those with certain non-malignant conditions in the the long term develop some physical symptoms which burden the patients and their family members along with certain psychosocial needs that are unmet. Some such conditions include certain chronic neurological conditions like multiple sclerosis, end-stage renal disease, chronic respiratory problems like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart problems like dilated cardiomyopathy (Cochrane et al, 2008). The end-stage of life, when the patient and his/he r family members know about the proximity to death, evokes certain feelings and emotions like rage, denial, bargaining, envy, depression and acceptance (Aranda, 2008). According to DOH (2008), "the challenge for the NHS and social care services now, is to extend this quality of care from the minority of patients (mainly those with cancer) who currently come into contact with hospices and specialist palliative care s

E-service Web Portal Accounting Software Assignment

E-service Web Portal Accounting Software - Assignment Example The objective of the participants such as the Lockheed Martin is to solve similar problems. In this case, the market is usually competitive, however within a defined market niche. For the case of Lockheed Martin Company, which contracts with various governments across the world, the accounting package should have distinctive features such as the foreign currency translation due to the issue of diverse currencies in each country. Moreover, features such as an integrated CRM, and bulky marketing abilities are fundamental considerations when selecting an accounting package for a government contracting company. This follows that this investigation focuses on the eService Web Portal accounting package and its integration within the Lockheed Martin system to ensure smooth contracting processes (findaccountingsoftware.com). This refers to web-based portal software that offers and performs enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship management (CRM). It helps in strengthening associations with larger customers who include national and international contractors. For our case, the system is critical in making its contract correspondence with governments. The eService system is an online system that performs automated work orders, subcontractors, invoice services and approvals among others. This software has an ability to translate multiple currencies. The following are the services that this accounting package software offers to the clients, subcontractors and contracting company (findaccountingsoftware.com). The most fundamental aspect of eService is the ability for customization. The eService can be customized to include both the company and clients’ logos. In addition, the eService offers an extension of creating an interface that indicates the brand of the company.  Other applications that can be integrated with the eService Web Portal include Accounts payable and receivables, Inventory and equipment Job costing, Payroll, Mobile Field Service which are essential in carrying out operations that pertains a government contracting company (findaccountingsoftware.com).     

Self Charging Cellphones Using Piezoelectric Zno Nanowires Engineering Essay

Self Charging Cellphones Using Piezoelectric Zno Nanowires Engineering Essay This paper aims at the transformation of mechanical energy, sound energy and various kinds of disturbances to electrical energy using piezoelectric materials. Using piezoelectric materials it is easily possible to convert any kind of mechanical stress to electrical energy and vice versa .Thus the sound produced during the usage of devices like cellphones can be converted to electrical energy and thus can be utilized for recharging the device. This paper presents a model of piezoelectric ZnO nanowire transducer for a gadget like mobile phone prototype of the power scavenging circuit, and the overall circuit for charging the mobile battery using the generated energy. INDEX TERMS : Charge generation, Diaphragm type , PVDF copolymer ,piezoelectric polymer , zinc oxide nanoparticle , Key depressions, Piezoelectric effect. INTRODUCTION A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network.A mobile phone uses a battery which serves as a power source for phone functions. The battery basically has one of the most important considerations when choosing a mobile phone.The basic cellphone batteries used are Lithium ion batteries which are of pouch format .These batteries are basically soft type with flat body.The talk-time battery time for a basic cellphone is considered to be six hours. Thus this short lifetime causes problem in case of battery rundown when there is no charging point available or during an important phone call. This problem of battery life in a mobile phone can be solved by using the unused power existing in form of sound ,vibration ,human activities, structures and environmental sources. Among these, one of the promising sources of recovering energy is from the vibrations generated by the key depressions of any keypad integrated device such as a mobile phone. Primarily, the selection of energy harvester as compared to other alternatives such as battery depends on two main factors, cost effectiveness and reliability. Conversion of mechanical low frequency stress into electrical energy is obtained through the direct piezoelectric effect, using a rectifier and DC-DC converter circuit to store the generated electrical energy. There are three primary steps in power generation: (a) trapping mechanical AC stress from available source. (b) Converting the mechanical energy to electrical energy using piezoelectric transducer. (c) Processing and storing the generated electrical energy. The mechanical output can be in the form of burst or continuous signal depending on the cyclic mechanical amplifier assembly. Depending on the frequency and amplitude of mechanical stress, one can design the required transducer, its dimensions, vibration mode and desired piezoelectric material. The energy generated is proportional to frequency and strain and higher energy can be obtained by operating at the resonance of the system. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT The idea of this paper is to trap the vibrations of sound and other mechanical vibrations in a cellphone and use it to recharge the cellphone. Thus this creates a easier energy harvesting method. A conventional piezoelectric ceramic that is composed of a perovskite ceramic crystals, which consist of a small, tetravalent metal ion, usually of titanium or zirconium mineral, in an arrangement of lattice of larger, divalent lead or barium metal ions, and O2- ions (Figure 1). Under such arrangements they attain tetragonal or rhombohedral symmetry on the crystals. Individual crystal has a dipole moment. Refer Figure 1 b. Preparation of piezoelectric ceramicinvolves the following steps. The required proportions of Fine PZT powders of the component metal oxides are mixed. Then, it is heated to form a uniform powder. Now the piezo powder is mixed with an organic binder to get structural elements of desired shape (discs, rods, plates, etc.). The mixture is exposed to fire for a specific time and temperature program. It shapes the piezo powder particles and attains a dense crystalline structure. Finally the elements are cooled, then shaped or trimmed to various specifications, and electrodes are applied to the appropriate surfaces. Fig (1a) NOTE: Above the Curie point which is the critical temperature, the perovskite crystal in the fired ceramic element acquires a simple cubic symmetry with no dipole moment (Figure 1a).Below the Curie point, each crystal exihibits tetragonal or rhombohedral symmetry with a dipole moment (Figure 1b). Adjacent dipoles that are connected form regions of local alignment are called domains. This gives a net dipole moment to the domain, and thus a net polarization. The direction of polarization among all the adjacent domains is random, so the ceramic element has zero overall polarization (Figure 1a). Figure(1.b) CRYSTAL STRUCRURE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC The alignment of the domains is done by exposing them to a stronger and direct current electric field,at a temperature slightly below the Curie point (Figure:2b). Through this special polarizing treatment, domains that are aligned closer with the electric field expand at the expense of unaligned domains, and the element lengthens in the direction of the field. When the electric field is withdrawn, nearly all the dipoles are locked into a configuration of closer alignment (Figure:2c). The element now is said to have permanent polarization, the permanent polarization, and is permanently elongated. Fig(2) POLARIZING OR POLLING A PIEZO CRYSTAL The tension produced by the mechanical compression on a poled piezoelectric ceramic element alters the dipole moment due to which a voltage is created. voltage of the same polarity as that of the poling voltageis generated by the compression produced along the direction of polarization, or tension perpendicular to the direction of polarization. Tension opposite to the direction of polarization, or compression parallel to the direction of polarization, generates a voltage with polarity opposite that of the poling voltage i.e., Disk is stretched. These actions are called generator actions .The ceramic element converts the mechanical energy (due to compression / tension) into electrical energy. This action is used in fuel-igniting devices, solid state batteries, force-sensing devices, and many other products. Values for compressive stress and the voltage (or field strength) generated by applying stress to a piezoelectric ceramic element are linearly proportional up to a material-specifi c stress. And also true for applied voltage and generated strain. fig (3): The piezoelectric materials are advantageous in that they do not rely on external power sources (e.g., batteries or alternating current (AC) power) for continued operations, unlike strain gages  ¬Ã‚ ber optics , wireless sensor nodes, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices , and other types of sensing systems. Unfortunately, PZT and PVDF suffer from fundamental limitations intrinsic to their material. Although piezo-ceramic PZT transducers possess high piezoelectricity and d33 piezoelectric constants approximately 200-400 pC N-1 , they are extremely brittle, have high loss factors, and are characterized by highly hysteretic behavior . On the other hand, piezoelectric polymers such as PVDF and PVDF-copolymers are  ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡exible, conformable, and can be fabricated to different sizes and thicknesses . However, they possess considerably lower piezoelectric constants are compared to PZTs (10 pC N-1) and require intricate mechanical stretching to enhance their bulk  ¬Ã‚ lm piezo-electricity. Furthermore, both PVDF  ¬Ã‚ lms and PZTs require high-voltage poling so as to enhance their piezo-electricity. Thus, in order to use piezoelectric transducers for sensing applications in complex laboratory and  ¬Ã‚ eld environments, it is desirable for them to simultaneously possess high piezoelectricity and excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, the nanotechnology domain offers a diverse suite of new materials and composite fabrication methodologies for high-performance piezoelectrics . Among the plethora of nanomaterials, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanosprings, and nanoparticles, among others) can be readily synthesized and exhibit inherent piezoelectricity . BLOCK DIAGRAM The basic block diagram of the proposed model is shown in Fig. below. It consists of 3 main blocks, (a) piezoelectric power generation (b) rectification (c) storage of DC voltage. AC voltage is generated from the piezoelectric material which is rectified by the rectification block and then it is stored in a storage device such as a battery. Fig (4):BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION (PROTOTYPE MODEL OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL FOR MOBILE PHONES ) A diaphragm assembly comprises at least two piezoelectric diaphragm members arranged in a stacking direction. An interface layer is situated between adjacent piezoelectric diaphragm members. The interface layer in the stacking direction is displaceable and incompressible or resilient. The interface layer permits lateral movement of the adjacent piezoelectric diaphragm members relative to the interface layer in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. The interface layer can comprise, for example, an incompressible liquid or a semi fluid or a compressible gas. A gasket can be used to seal the substance in the interface layer if necessary. Fig. 5. Basic model of diaphragm type piezoelectricity generation. 1. Electrodes 2. Piezoelectric material (PVDF) 3. SiO2 4. n-Si 5. Hole for the central part of film to deform itself CIRCUITRY The figure illustrates the overall circuit diagram of the entire process. The rectifier shown in the Fig maybe either a full wave rectification circuit or a half wave rectification circuit based on the combination of diodes or a voltage double rectifier. Since a diode is being used in the rectifier, a p-n junction diode or a Schottky diode can be used. The Schottky diode has a threshold voltage which is lesser than that of a p-n junction diode. For example, if the diode is formed on a silicon substrate, a p-n diode may have a threshold voltage of approximately 0.065 volts while the threshold voltage of a Schottky diode is approximately 0.30 volts. Accordingly, the uses of Schottky diode instead of p-n diode will reduce the power consumption required for rectification and will effectively increase the electrical charge available for accumulation by the capacitor. When the electromotive force in the piezoelectricity generation section is small, a Schottky diode having a low rising volt age is more preferable. The bridge rectifier section provides rectification of the AC voltage generated by the piezoelectric section. By arranging the rectification section on a monolithic n-Si substrate, it is possible to form a very compact rectification section. A typical diode can rectify an alternating current-that is, it is able to block part of the current so that it will pass through the diode in only one direction. However, in blocking part of the current, the diode reduces the amount of electric power the current can provide. A full-wave rectifier is able to rectify an alternating current without blocking any part of it. The voltage between two points in an AC circuit regularly changes from positive to negative and back again. In the full-wave rectifier shown in Fig the positive and negative halves of the current are handled by different pairs of diodes. The output signal produced by the full-wave rectifier is a DC voltage, but it pulsates. To be useful, this signal must be smoothed out to produce a constant voltage at the output. A simple circuit for filtering the signal is one in which a capacitor is in parallel with the output. With this arrangement, the capacitor becomes charged as the voltage of the signal produced by the rectifier increases. As soon as the voltage begins to drop, the capacitor begins to discharge, maintaining the current in the output. This discharge continues until the increasing voltage of the next pulse again equals the voltage across the capacitor. The rectified voltage is stored into a storage capacitor as shown in Fig., which gets charged upto a pre-decided value, at which the switch closes and the capacitor discharges through the storage device or the battery. In this way the energy can be stored in the capacitor, and can be discharged when required . Fig 6:Circuit diagram of the whole process. RESULTS The material used for the current application is a PZT with 1.5 Mpa lateral stress operating at 15Hz. The output power produced is 1.2W. The energy/power density is 6mW/cm3.The output voltage is 9V [8]. The volume of the material used is 0.2cm3. This voltage can be used to produce the required amount of charge after being processed. CONCLUSION The design of the proposed energy conservation system for mobile phones and has been presented in this paper. The design helps to provide easy energy harvesting technique for mobile phones.The design presented here will be quite effective in providing an alternate means of power supply for the mentioned devices during emergency.The design is improved by implementing nanowires .The implementation of nanowires reduces the size of the system and also improves the efficiency on the other hand increases the cost of the system.Thus this design converts the vibrartion due to sound and key depression into electrical energy to recharge the mobile phones.

Feminism of Poverty Essay

The feminism of poverty can be described as a movement in political, economic and social equality for women, and is closely related to Liberalism. Feminism sees discrimination as a distinction of unequal treatment from all social, political and economic access for women. Feminism of poverty reaches all women, Black, White, Asian or English. It has been around since the beginning of time. Women have taken the role of mother, maid, cook and lover. They did not have the right to vote, own property nor work. It was not until 1848, when women demanded the enfranchisement for the ballot (vote), became vociferous. In 1869 2when Black men were given the vote in the 15th Amendment, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton refused to endorse the amendment, because it did not give women the vote and to become equal to their counter parts. http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm Even back then women were reduced to mere servants and those that did not have a family or husband lived in poverty both black and white. Women suffrage and poverty did not only exist here in the United States, these social political and economic inequalities were felt around the world; Such as in Great Britain, Europe, Finland and Africa, other third world countries also had social issues pertaining to poverty. Those most likely to live in poverty in the U.S. are women and children. This is referred to as the feminization of poverty; increasingly the poor included unwed mothers, separated and divorced mothers, serving as the head of households (Basirico, et al, 2010). It is Known that women are much more likely to be poor than men, and that the impact of fiscal policy on the distribution of income is the main reason that women in the U.S. are more likely to be poor than women in other countries www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty In the United States, in many communities there are individuals who live in poverty and cannot take care of themselves and their children especially women. So they become homeless living in shelters, cars, cardboard boxes, live on the streets, sleep on park benches, doorways or in major cities they may sleep in subways, because they have no income to support themselves. For example women have become prostitutes and shoplifters in order to feed themselves and their family/families. Of the adult poor who do not, about forty percent work at jobs that pay so little that they fall below the poverty line and one-third of their children are poor also. Because they do not have viable jobs they cannot support their children or themselves, so they are still under the umbrella of the feminism of poverty. From 1951-2008 of the women who worked in the U.S. their pay gap was 64-71 cents for every dollar earned by men http://www.infoplease.com Women have fought for equal pay & rights since 1848, and as of 2009, 30 percent of women who are heads of families with no husband present have income below the poverty line. Demographics have shown that these individuals are the most likely group to be chronically poor. The U.S. Census, Labor and the Economics Statistics of the Department of commerce shows in a study that the trends and conditions of women( two to three tim es)are still lower than men and the feminism of poverty is still a growing concern today as of March 2011 (Basirico, et al, 2010). With these continued disparities we will continue to be faced with the Feminism of poverty, because society has turned a deaf ear on the issues of women and children, they look the other way when it comes to providing for those within their own country, but they are quick to jump on the band wagon in the plight for other countries. We as a society have our priorities mixed up; if we are rich the attitude is according to Newt Gingrich â€Å"I don’t care about the poor†. If we are middle class we have the mentality that I’m just surviving myself. And if we are already poor we have the tendency to share. The same can be said about the church every Sunday we go to church and take up a benevolence offering to help the poor and when they need help in most cases they are turned away. The church is supposed to help those in need through the giving of food, shelter, clothes and money. But we have become so modernized and have forgotten to obey God’s laws that we ha ve lost sight of the word give. From the many issues that involve the feminism of poverty the best theory that applies to this particular issue is the conflict theory a social theory that views conflict as inevitable and natural and as a significant cause of social change (Basirico, et al, 2012). The feminism of poverty relates to the two classes that Marx saw those who own the means of product (rich) and those who provide the labor (poor), in an economic system that supports inequality, the exploited eventually revolt. Women were submissive for so long that they began to demand equal rights just as their counter part and black’s had. They had a need to become their own person, but throughout history even though they made progress they still were under played, poor and were listed as most likely to remain that way as they are today. In the scope of feminism of poverty it can be said that society is ion a state of constant change. Male against female and workers against employer, those that have power, wealth and prestige will always be in conflict with others (poor) that do not. Because there are limited commodities and demand exceeds the supply, those that are in control of those desirable goods, services and resources will defend and protect their interest. Those who are poor and living in poverty especially (women & children) are a threat to the rich and middle class. So they are suppressed through the lack of jobs, education, money, welfare and healthcare. Women social status of wages disparities, ownership (men) and motherhood result from degradation and exploitation by men and eventually is/was a cause of the feminism of poverty. If our society (government) do not put in place laws that will protect, serve and help our women and children who live in poverty. Though more workforce programs, jobs, healthcare and education we will eventually become as other third world countries. If Canada can do this why can’t we the riches country in the world do so? Reference Basirico, L.A., Cashion, B.J. & Eshleman, J.R. (2012). Introduction to Sociology. (5th ed). Redding, CA http://www.infoplease.com/html http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffarge/history.htm www.questia.com/search/feminization-poverty

English Irregular Verbs Quiz for ESL Students

German Verb Brauchen - Meaning and Conjugation

Transitive Verb Past Tense: Past Participle: Definition: to needHere brauchen is followed by an accusative object or phrase.Ich brauche einen neuen HutI need a new hat.Sie braucht mehr ZeitShe needs more time.Note: Do not confuse this definition of brauchen with gebrauchen. Even though you may hear it spoken at times (Ich gebrauche tà ¤glich acht Glà ¤ser Wasser), it is still grammatically wrong. You can however substitute brauchen for gebrauchen and vice versa in the next definition as follows. Definition: to use/useful forWith this definition you can often use brauchen and gebrauchen interchangeably, particularly with the verb kà ¶nnen. There is no difference in meaning.Kannst du das Geld brauchen?Would this money be useful to you?Kannst du das Geld gebrauchen? Heute bin ich zu nichts zu brauchen.I am of no use today.Heute bin ich zu nichts zu gebrauchen.But always the infinitive form brauchen needs to be used, in order to stick with the meaning of to use/useful for. Definition: not need toIn German, this translates to brauchen nicht zu infinitive of second verb:Ich brauche nicht meine Hausaufgaben zu tun - I dont need to do my homework.Sie brauchen meinen Sohn heute nicht abzuholen - You dont need to pick up my son today.In spoken German however, it is common to omit zu such as in Du brauchst das nicht kaufen, even though technically it is not grammatically correct. In written German though, zu is imperative. In fact there is a well-known Eselsbrà ¼cke (a help phrase) repeated often in schools to remind students of this grammatical slip-up:Wer brauchen ohne zu gebraucht, braucht brauchen gar nicht zu gebrauchen.Basically this phrase says: Use zu when using brauchen otherwise dont use brauchen at all.Brauchen zu Used Only In NegationAs youve probably observed, there are no statements with brauchen that express need to (-brauchen zu), thats because brauchen doesnt have any. It is only used with negated sentences. If you want to say I need to eat, for example, then you express it as Ich mus s essen and not Ich brauche zu essen. Strictly speaking, there is no literal translation in German of I need to eat, since mà ¼ssen, also means must.Du brauchst keine neue Schuhe zu kaufen. You dont need to buy new shoes.Du musst neue Schuhe kaufen.You need to buy new shoes. Phrases and Expressions with brauchen: gebraucht used, second-handein gebrauchter Wagen/ ein GebrauchtwagenEr ist zu allem zu brauchen.He is very handy to have around.